Where do we get it?
- Salmon, mackerel, tuna, sardines, cod liver oil
- Most of the milk supply in the United States
- Some breakfast cereals
- Some orange juices
- Milk substitutes (such as soy milk)
- Supplements
- Sun (UV rays)
How much do we need? DETAILS
- Infants, children, men and women age 0-50 = 200 International Units (IU) per day (5 micrograms).
- Adults 51-70 = 400 IU/day (10 mcg)
- Adults 71+ = 600 IU/day (15 mcg)
- The safe upper limit for adults was set at 2,000 IU/day and 1,000 IU/day for infants.
Possibly - and if so, vitamin B3 is the best choice. Why supplement? Because:
- Very few foods naturally have vitamin D
- Most people don't eat enough fish or fish liver oil
- Much of the vitamin D that your milk had got skimmed off once they limited the fat content
- People over 50 years old have inhibited absorption
- Most Americans don't get enough daily (uninhibited) sunlight on their skin
Yes, but generally only if you supplement. You are not likely to get toxicity from diet (got cod liver oil?) and you won't get it from excessive sun exposure. But if you supplement beyond the recommended IU/day you may get some nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, constipation, weakness, weight loss, confusion, heart rhythm problems, deposits of calcium and phosphate in soft tissues.
References:
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/giving/publications/catalyst_e_news/archive/v5_i1_general/check_your_vitamin_d_levels.aspx
http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Vitamin_D.asp?sitearea=ETO
http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp#h4
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